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What is an aperture?

What is an aperture? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. An opening; an open space; a gap, cleft, or chasm; a passage perforated; a hole
  2. (optics) Something which restricts the diameter of the light path through one plane in an optical system.
  3. (astronomy) The diameter of the aperture (in the sense above) which restricts the width of the light path through the whole system. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens.
  4. (spaceflight, communication) The (typically) large-diameter antenna used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency energy containing the data used in communication satellites, especially in the geostationary belt. For a comsat, this is typically a large reflective dish antenna; sometimes called an array.
  5. (mathematics) The maximum angle between the two generatrices.
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Examples
In order to concentrate more light at the aperture, they placed a glass ball lens on the upper side of the tip prior to the assembly step.
The widest zone begins with a belt, composed of two cords and two ribbons, geometrically ornamented, while the aperture is wavily etched.
Adding an aplanatic meniscus lens to an achromatic lens can increase relative aperture without introducing additional spherical aberration.
Large aperture constraints require an achromatic lens for situations needing superior image quality and color correction.
If your zoom lens is F2.8, you could try shooting at this aperture setting and using a slower speed film.
Consider an optical telescope with an aperture of 5 meters, such as the 200-inch reflector at Palomar Mountain in California.

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