| Sheiner et al.31 did not find an increased risk for shoulder dystocia in the obese population. |
| Mott's family started selecting sires for lower birth weights years ago, sacrificing some growth but reducing dystocia. |
| However, other studies have found medium heritabilities for dystocia, metritis, milk fever and mastitis. |
| Other than deaths associated with dystocia, postnatal survival was not affected. |
| Additional prospective studies are necessary to establish the usefulness of this diagnostic modality to predict dystocia, so it is not recommended at this time. |
| Less commonly, shoulder dystocia results from impaction of the posterior shoulder on the sacral promontory. |
