| The oldest are carved on loose objects, while later ones are chiseled in runestones. |
| Among the Swedish runestones mentioning expeditions overseas, almost half tell of raids and travels to western Europe. |
| There was also considerable participation in expeditions westwards, which are commemorated on stones such as the England runestones. |
| Sometimes, they were raised only as commemoration to great people, a tradition which was continued as the runestones. |
| Runology is the study of the runic alphabets, runic inscriptions, runestones, and their history. |
| Other runestones mention men who died on Viking expeditions. |
